Geography :
Poland, a country the size of New Mexico is in north-central Europe. Most of the country is a plain without physical boundaries except the Carpathian Mountains in the south and the Oder and Neisse west. Other major rivers, which are important for trade, are the Vistula, Warta and Bug.
History :
Grande ( North) Poland was founded in 966 by Mieszko I , who belonged to the Piast dynasty . The tribes of southern Poland then formed Little Poland . In 1047, the Great Poland and Little Poland Kingdom during the reign of Casimir I the Restorer . Poland merged with Lithuania by the royal wedding in 1386 . The Polish-Lithuanian state reached the height of its power between the 14th and 16th centuries , marking military successes against the Knights ( German ) of the Teutonic Order , the Russians and the Ottoman Turks.
The absence of a strong monarchy enabled Russia , Prussia and Austria to carry out a first partition of the country in 1772 , second in 1792 and third in 1795. For over a century , there was no Polish state , Austria , Prussia, and Russia sectors , but the Poles had never ceased their efforts to regain their independence. Poles rebelled against foreign rule during the 19th century. Poland was formally reconstituted in November 1918 with Marshal Josef Pilsudski as head of state . In 1919, Ignace Paderewski , the famous pianist and patriot, became the first Prime Minister. In 1926, Pilsudski took power through a full stroke and tried dictatorship until his death May 12, 1935 .
Despite a pact of non - aggression signed ten years in 1934 , Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939. Soviet troops invaded east on September 17 and September 28 , a German- Soviet agreement divided Poland between the USSR and Germany. Wladyslaw Raczkiewicz formed a government in exile in France , who moved to London after the defeat of France in 1940. All Poland was occupied by Germany after the Nazi attack against the Soviet Union in June 1941. The policy of occupation of Nazi Germany in Poland was designed to eradicate Polish culture through mass executions and extermination large Jewish minority.
The Polish government in exile has been replaced by the Polish Committee Communist-dominated National Liberation by the Soviet Union in 1944. Moving to Lublin after the liberation of the city, he proclaimed the Provisional Government of Poland. Some former members of the Polish government in London joined the Lublin government to form the Polish Government of National Unity, which Britain and the United States have recognized . August 2, 1945 in Berlin, President Harry S. Truman , Joseph Stalin , and Prime Minister Clement Attlee Britain established a new de facto border west of Poland on the Oder and Neisse . ( The border was finally accepted by West Germany in a pact of non -aggression signed on 7 December 1970. ) On 16 August 1945, the Soviet Union and Poland signed a treaty delimiting the Soviet- Polish border. Under these agreements , Poland was shifted westward . In the East, it has lost 69,860 square miles ( 180,934 km ² ) to the west , he won (subject to approval of the final peace conference ) 38.986 sq mi ( 100,973 sq km)
Poland, a country the size of New Mexico is in north-central Europe. Most of the country is a plain without physical boundaries except the Carpathian Mountains in the south and the Oder and Neisse west. Other major rivers, which are important for trade, are the Vistula, Warta and Bug.
History :
Grande ( North) Poland was founded in 966 by Mieszko I , who belonged to the Piast dynasty . The tribes of southern Poland then formed Little Poland . In 1047, the Great Poland and Little Poland Kingdom during the reign of Casimir I the Restorer . Poland merged with Lithuania by the royal wedding in 1386 . The Polish-Lithuanian state reached the height of its power between the 14th and 16th centuries , marking military successes against the Knights ( German ) of the Teutonic Order , the Russians and the Ottoman Turks.
The absence of a strong monarchy enabled Russia , Prussia and Austria to carry out a first partition of the country in 1772 , second in 1792 and third in 1795. For over a century , there was no Polish state , Austria , Prussia, and Russia sectors , but the Poles had never ceased their efforts to regain their independence. Poles rebelled against foreign rule during the 19th century. Poland was formally reconstituted in November 1918 with Marshal Josef Pilsudski as head of state . In 1919, Ignace Paderewski , the famous pianist and patriot, became the first Prime Minister. In 1926, Pilsudski took power through a full stroke and tried dictatorship until his death May 12, 1935 .
Despite a pact of non - aggression signed ten years in 1934 , Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939. Soviet troops invaded east on September 17 and September 28 , a German- Soviet agreement divided Poland between the USSR and Germany. Wladyslaw Raczkiewicz formed a government in exile in France , who moved to London after the defeat of France in 1940. All Poland was occupied by Germany after the Nazi attack against the Soviet Union in June 1941. The policy of occupation of Nazi Germany in Poland was designed to eradicate Polish culture through mass executions and extermination large Jewish minority.
The Polish government in exile has been replaced by the Polish Committee Communist-dominated National Liberation by the Soviet Union in 1944. Moving to Lublin after the liberation of the city, he proclaimed the Provisional Government of Poland. Some former members of the Polish government in London joined the Lublin government to form the Polish Government of National Unity, which Britain and the United States have recognized . August 2, 1945 in Berlin, President Harry S. Truman , Joseph Stalin , and Prime Minister Clement Attlee Britain established a new de facto border west of Poland on the Oder and Neisse . ( The border was finally accepted by West Germany in a pact of non -aggression signed on 7 December 1970. ) On 16 August 1945, the Soviet Union and Poland signed a treaty delimiting the Soviet- Polish border. Under these agreements , Poland was shifted westward . In the East, it has lost 69,860 square miles ( 180,934 km ² ) to the west , he won (subject to approval of the final peace conference ) 38.986 sq mi ( 100,973 sq km)
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